Evaluation of Extracts From the Leaves and Pods of the Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as a Food With a Therapeutic Effect

Abstract

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and antibiotic-resistant bacteria underscores the need for natural remedies as sustainable, side-effect-free alternatives. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of carob, a plant rich in bioactive compounds with remarkable health benefits. Aqueous extracts from its leaves and pods contain significant levels of polyphenols (9.2 ± 0.31 to 8.53 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (up to 3.34 ± 0.14 mg QE/g), and tannins (4.34 ± 0.32 to 0.39 ± 0.06 mg EC/g), contributing to its strong antioxidant properties. Furthermore, carob extract exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones measuring 8.2 ± 0.5 mm for Salmonella spp., 8.4 ± 0.6 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 9.5 ± 0.5 mm for Escherichia coli, and 8.8 ± 0.6 mm for Bacillus cereus. These bioactive compounds support gut health by acting as antioxidants and microbiome regulators, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases and promoting intestinal balance. This study highlights carob's role in chronic disease prevention, advocating for a holistic health approach.