Constraints to the Utilization of Technology-Enhanced Learning Tools by Lecturers for Teaching Vocational and Technical Education Courses

Abstract

This study examined constraints to the use of TEL among vocational and technical education lecturers. Using an explanatory mixed-methods design, data were collected from 318 lecturers through a questionnaire and interviews. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. Findings showed reliance on accessible tools such as WhatsApp, Zoom, and Telegram, with limited use of learning management systems. Key constraints included inadequate ICT infrastructure, unstable power supply, poor internet connectivity, and weak institutional support. Qualitative results indicated that these challenges interact to shape adaptive reliance on low-cost technologies. The study concludes that while TEL has strong potential to enhance teaching and practical skills development, its effectiveness is constrained by systemic challenges, requiring coordinated investment in infrastructure, institutional support, and capacity building.