A comparative evaluation of the physico- and bio-chemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of six Argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) varieties

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of six (Ghallate, Hamouch, Khayr, Mazhar, Naama, and Zakia) domesticated varieties of Argania spinosa L. Skeels, an endemic Moroccan tree with cultural, economic, and health importance. The physical traits, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and oil quality of the pulp, nutshell, kernel, and press cake of those six varieties were evaluated and significant differences were observed. Particularly, Mazhar variety presents the largest fruit size and its oil, rich in oleic acid, displays the best oxidative stability, making it a perfect candidate for oil production. Naama variety pulp exhibited an energy value of 403.84 kcal/100 g, which led to its recommendation as a raw material for animal feed. Khayr's nutshell had the highest moisture and protein contents (6.70 g/100 g, and 2.34 g/100 g, respectively), while Hamouch showed the highest ash content. Ghallate kernels and press cake were the richest in protein (23.21 g/100 g and 48.96 g/100 g, respectively). Altogether, our findings provide valuable insights into selecting optimal argan cultivars for oil production or of major importance at the domestic level. • This study evaluates the physical traits and bio-chemical composition of six argan tree varieties. • The aim is to determine the most productive varieties in terms of quality and quantity. • Significant differences in nutritional content and oil quality were observed among the six varieties.