article · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
This research investigates the flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid moving over an exponentially stretching surface embedded in a porous medium. The mathematical model integrates several complex physical mechanisms, including thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, heat generation, and activation energy. It also examines the influence of bioconvection driven by gyrotactic microorganisms alongside nanoparticle behaviours such as Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Governing partial differential equations for momentum, heat, concentration, and microorganism density are transformed into ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. These equations are solved numerically using MATLAB through shooting techniques and the built-in bvp4c boundary value problem solver. The findings assess how these combined physical phenomena alter the velocity, thermal, solutal, and microorganism gradients across the system.
Understanding how nanoparticles and self-propelling microorganisms alter the heat and fluid flow in complex fluids helps engineers design advanced fluid systems. This mathematical modelling offers insight into how magnetic fields, porous structures, and thermal radiation interact, which is fundamental to tailoring fluid properties for enhanced thermal efficiency.
This work represents early-stage theoretical and numerical modelling. While the research highlights potential applications in designing novel materials with tailored properties by combining nanoparticles and microorganisms, development requires addressing practical challenges including fluid stability, biocompatibility, and environmental impacts. Prospective users would be computational researchers and fluid formulation developers, though practical commercial deployment remains distant.
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The recent study concentrates on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Williamson fluid drifts over an exponentially extending sheet. The porous medium is also crucial to improving thermal efficiency. The flow pattern model considers the inspirations of Joule heating, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation. This study also comprises the activation energy, bio-convectional, and gyrotactic microorganism phenomena. Furthermore, the Brownian and thermophoresis effects of nanoparticles are taken into consideration. Using proper similarity transformation, PDEs of the impetus, temperature, concentricity, motility microbe density, and boundary constraints upgrade into a non-linearly ordinary differential equations (ODEs) mode. Using MATLAB, transformed non-dimensional ODEs are dealt with using shooting procedures and results of significant physical strictures using a built-in bvp4c solver. Finally, it is elaborated and briefly explored numerically and visually can find interesting physical strictures versus the velocity gradient, temperature gradient, solutal gradient of species, and microbes' gradient. Incorporating microorganisms and nanoparticles into Williamson fluids can create novel materials with tailored properties for diverse applications. However, it's crucial to consider stability, biocompatibility, and environmental impact when designing these advanced fluid systems.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.104453
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