article · PLoS ONE
A survey of 5,416 Africans across 34 countries and the diaspora assessed willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines alongside key determinants of hesitancy. Overall, 63 percent of respondents expressed willingness to receive a vaccine as soon as possible, but 79 percent reported concerns regarding side effects and 39 percent feared vaccine-associated infection. Risk perception significantly influenced attitudes: individuals who believed they faced a very high risk of infection or severe illness had markedly lower odds of hesitancy. In contrast, individuals who had previously refused a vaccine for themselves or their child had more than two and a half times higher odds of hesitancy. Most participants preferred vaccines to be provided free of charge, while substantial numbers favoured workplace or home distribution and mandatory policies.
Understanding public attitudes towards immunization is essential for designing effective disease control strategies. The findings show that vaccine hesitancy in Africa is strongly shaped by perceived individual risk, prior vaccination behaviour, and fears about safety. Recognising these factors helps health authorities tailor communication and design delivery models that address specific community concerns and logistical preferences.
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The economic and humanistic impact of COVID-19 pandemic is enormous globally. No definitive treatment exists, hence accelerated development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines, offers a unique opportunity for COVID-19 prevention and control. Vaccine hesitancy may limit the success of vaccine distribution in Africa, therefore we assessed the potentials for coronavirus vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among Africans. An online cross-sectional African-wide survey was administered in Arabic, English, and French languages. Questions on demographics, self-reported health status, vaccine literacy, knowledge and perception on vaccines, past experience, behavior, infection risk, willingness to receive and affordability of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine were asked. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 5,416 individuals completed the survey. Approximately, 94% were residents of 34 African countries while the other Africans live in the Diaspora. Only 63% of all participants surveyed were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible and 79% were worried about its side effects. Thirty-nine percent expressed concerns of vaccine-associated infection. The odds of vaccine hesitancy was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.30) among those who believed their risk of infection was very high, compared to those who believed otherwise. The odds of vaccine hesitancy was one-fifth (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.28) among those who believed their risk of falling sick was very high, compared to those who believed their risk of falling very sick was very low. The OR of vaccine hesitancy was 2.72 (95% CI: 2.24, 3.31) among those who have previously refused a vaccine for themselves or their child compared to counterparts with no self-reported history of vaccine hesitancy. Participants want the vaccines to be mandatory (40%), provided free of charge (78%) and distributed in homes and offices (44%). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is substantial among Africans based on perceived risk of coronavirus infection and past experiences.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260575
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