article · Kidney International Reports
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), carry a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. DKD, a major microvascular complication of diabetes, induces both glomerular and tubular injury, leading to progressive renal dysfunction and often culminating in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathophysiological mechanisms linking kidney injury and cardiovascular dysfunction, often termed cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), involve complex molecular pathways including RAAS overactivation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2026.104651
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