article · Sensors
A compact, highly efficient fractal antenna has been designed and physically evaluated for ultra-wideband telecommunications. The structure is based on a circular geometry modified across multiple stages by embedding nested rings with a reduction factor of 3/8, paired with an altered ground plane to improve adaptation. Following simulation, a physical prototype measuring 40 by 24.5 by 1.6 millimetres was fabricated and tested. Experimental measurements confirmed ultra-wideband performance, showing an impedance bandwidth of 7.33 GHz, a peak gain of 6.52 dB, and radiation efficiency reaching 92 per cent. These physical measurements closely align with initial simulations, confirming the operational viability of the design. The antenna supports multiple wireless communication services, including wireless local area networks, WiMAX, and systems operating across the C and X microwave frequency bands.
Wireless communication devices increasingly require compact antennas that can operate across multiple frequency ranges without losing transmission quality. By achieving high efficiency and strong gain in a small footprint, this fractal antenna design can help devices handle multiple communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi and satellite services, using a single component rather than separate dedicated antennas.
The antenna is at an applied and tested stage, having progressed from simulations to a working physical prototype. It could be adopted by telecommunications equipment manufacturers producing compact wireless devices that require multi-band operation. Relevant applications explicitly noted include WLAN, WiMAX, and telecommunication systems operating within the C and X bands.
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The present study proposes a new, highly efficient fractal antenna with ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics. The proposed patch offers a wide simulated operating band that reaches 8.3 GHz, a simulated gain that varies between 2.47 and 7.73 dB throughout the operating range, and a high simulated efficiency that comes to 98% due to the modifications made to the antenna geometry. The modifications carried out on the antenna are composed of several stages, a circular ring extracted from a circular antenna in which four rings are integrated and, in each ring, four other rings are integrated with a reduction factor of 3/8. To further improve the adaptation of the antenna, a modification of the shape of the ground plane is carried out. In order to test the simulation results, the prototype of the suggested patch was built and tested. The measurement results validate the suggested dual ultra-wideband antenna design approach, which demonstrates good compliance with the simulation. From the measured results, the suggested antenna with a compact volume of 40 × 24.5 × 1.6 mm3 asserts ultra-wideband operation with a measured impedance bandwidth of 7.33 GHz. A high measured efficiency of 92% and a measured gain of 6.52 dB is also achieved. The suggested UWB can effectively cover several wireless applications such as WLAN, WiMAX, and C and X bands.
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DOI: 10.3390/s23084172
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