Utilizing Palm Kernel Fibre to Reinforce Cement-Based Composite Panels Blended with Bamboo Leaf Ash

Abstract

Panel wall systems are increasingly preferred in modern construction due to their efficiency and sustainability. However, conventional cement-based materials are brittle, have limited tensile strength, and are prone to cracking, necessitating reinforced alternatives. This study investigates using palm kernel fiber (PKF) and bamboo leaf ash (BLA) in cement-based composite panels to improve mechanical properties and durability. A water-to-binder ratio of 0.55 and a cement-to-BLA ratio of 3:1 were used, with PKF added in varying proportions from 0% to 4% by binder weight. 165 specimens were cast and tested for density, water absorption, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed water absorption between 2.5% and 7.5% and densities from 1375 to 1497 kg/m³. The compressive strength was found within the range of 7.6 -16.54N/mm2 and generally decreases with the increasing percentage of fiber contents but increases with curing age. The bending strength (MOR) ranges from 3.03 to 7.24 N/mm², while the modulus of elasticity (MOE) ranges from 6.03 to 10.49 N/mm². Both MOE and MOR increased with curing age and showed a slight increase with fiber content. All results complied with American Concrete Institute (ACI) standards. The study concludes that PKF-reinforced, BLA-blended composite panels exhibit suitable strength and durability for wall construction, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials.