Using motivational interviewing to improve sleep quality among patients with hypertension attending a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Restorative sleep is essential for the maintenance of overall health and for the prevention of chronic diseases, including hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on sleep quality in patients with hypertension. The study was a randomised controlled trial (PACTR202301917477205) of 250 adult patients aged 18 to 65 years (125 in each group) with hypertension presenting to the Family Medicine Clinics of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria from April to December 2023. Patients were selected through systematic random sampling and randomised into intervention and control group with the intervention group having monthly sessions of motivational interviewing in addition to standard care for hypertension and the control group having standard care only. Data were analysed with Stata with level of significance set at p < 0.05. The participants had a mean age of 51.5 ± 10.0 years, were mostly females 156 (62.4%), married 135 (54.0%), and Christians 134 (53.6%). There was no significant difference in the sleep pattern of both the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 1.111 and p = 0.292) at baseline. Post-intervention with MI, there was a significant improvement in sleep quality (p = 0.002) and a corresponding improvement in blood pressure control (p < 0.001) of patients in the intervention group compared to controls. The use of motivational interviewing led to a significant improvement in sleep quality and a corresponding improvement in blood pressure control. Motivational interviewing should be employed by physicians and other health workers during sleep prescription counselling.