Use of Moroccan Bentonite for the Cost‐Effective Removal of Crystal Violet From Aqueous Solution

Abstract

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of natural bentonite (BN), which was gathered from the Rif region in northeastern Morocco, in removing crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions was evaluated in this work. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption based on the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) methods were among the analytical techniques used to analyze the material. It was discovered that variables, including temperature, solution pH, and contact time, affected the adsorption efficiency. Although equilibrium investigations were in line with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models, kinetic data fit the pseudo‐second‐order model quite well. The Langmuir separation factor ( R L ) and the Freundlich constant ( n ) both indicated advantageous adsorption behavior. At room temperature, the highest adsorption capacity was found to be 50 mg g −1 . Furthermore, thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable.