Urban Green Spaces, Privatization, and Sustainable Development: Governance and Equity in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities

Abstract

ABSTRACT Urban green spaces (UGSs) are essential for advancing SDG 3 (health and well‐being) and SDG 11 (sustainable cities) and thus support environmental sustainability. Their benefits, however, hinge on inclusivity, accessibility, and equity. In many cities, UGSs are legally public but frequently managed by private actors, creating governance and justice concerns with limited research attention. This study investigated these issues using surveys ( n = 360), key informant interviews, and focus group discussions in Abuja, Federal Capital City, Nigeria. Results show satisfaction was highest for accessibility (78.5%) and health benefits (70.2%), but lowest for amenities (36.7%), maintenance (38.9%), and safety (42.2%) among UGS users. Regression analysis revealed that gender, income, education, and location significantly influenced satisfaction, with older users least satisfied. Qualitative findings highlighted barriers affecting women, the elderly, and low‐income groups. The study underscores the need for equitable governance, better infrastructure, and participatory planning to unlock UGSs' sustainability potential.