review · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women globally, driving ongoing interest in alternative therapeutic candidates. Plant triterpenoids, which include both dietary and non-dietary phytochemicals, demonstrate notable potential in counteracting and managing the disease. Evidence collected between 2017 and 2023 indicates that these compounds exert anticancer effects across various breast cancer cell lines. Their actions include suppressing cell proliferation, migration, tumour angiogenesis, and metastasis, while overcoming resistance to apoptosis. These protective effects operate through several biological pathways, including the regulation of programmed cell death, the inhibition of DNA polymerase, and alterations in cellular signal transduction. Particular attention centres on pentacyclic triterpenoids, whose diverse modes of action establish them as promising natural molecules for future breast cancer interventions.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Examining natural compounds such as plant triterpenoids helps map out new biological mechanisms to disrupt tumour growth and spread, supporting efforts to identify alternative, multi-target options for cancer therapy.
This research outlines early-stage mechanistic findings that may interest pharmaceutical developers and oncology researchers seeking natural compound leads for drug discovery. Because the findings are based on cellular and molecular evidence from literature published up to 2023, potential therapeutic applications remain at a pre-clinical, early research stage rather than near commercial use.
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Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer, the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Recent research has provided increasing support for the significance of phytochemicals, both dietary and non-dietary, particularly triterpenoids, in the mitigation and management of breast cancer. Recent studies showed that triterpenoids are promising agents in the treatment and inhibition of breast cancer achieved through the implementation of several molecular modes of action on breast cancer cells. This review discusses recent innovations in plant triterpenoids and their underlying mechanisms of action in combating breast cancer within the timeframe spanning from 2017 to 2023. The present work is an overview of different plant triterpenoids with significant inhibition on proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, tumor angiogenesis, or metastasis in various breast cancer cells. The anticancer impact of triterpenoids may be attributed to their antiproliferative activity interfering with angiogenesis and differentiation, regulation of apoptosis, DNA polymerase inhibition, change in signal transductions, and impeding metastasis. The present review focuses on several targets, mechanisms, and pathways associated with pentacyclic triterpenoids, which are responsible for their anticancer effects. We could conclude that natural triterpenoids are considered promising agents to conquer breast cancer.
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DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03054-2
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