article · Plant and Soil
Rising agricultural demands and unpredictable environmental conditions create an urgent need to strengthen plant resilience. Nanoparticles possess distinct physical and chemical properties capable of boosting plant growth, nutrient utilisation, and resistance to environmental stress. Different varieties of nanoparticles, including metal, carbon-based, and biogenic forms, interact with plant physiology to alleviate challenges such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. Alongside improving water-use efficiency and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses, the integration of nanotechnology also presents potential drawbacks and environmental implications that require responsible deployment. Advancing future agricultural systems relies on combining nano-bioengineering with precision agriculture. By addressing these physiological interactions and environmental considerations, nanotechnology provides a pathway towards developing stress-tolerant crop varieties and supporting sustainable farming systems.
Extreme weather, soil salinity, and heavy metal pollution threaten global crop yields and food security. Examining how tiny engineered particles interact with plant biology provides critical insights into protecting crops from harsh conditions. Understanding these mechanisms helps researchers develop targeted interventions to maintain agricultural productivity while minimising potential environmental hazards.
The concepts discussed target agricultural input developers, agritech enterprises, and precision farming practitioners seeking to improve crop resilience against drought, salinity, and toxic metals. Because this work constitutes an exploratory review outlining mechanisms and future research directions, it sits at an early conceptual stage of research, far from immediate commercial readiness until targeted nano-bioengineering formulations and environmental safety assessments are further developed.
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Abstract Background As the world grapples with increasing agricultural demands and unpredictable environmental stressors, there is a pressing need to improve plant resilience. Therefore, understanding the pioneering role of nanoparticles in alleviating plant stress is crucial for developing stress-resilient varieties to enhance food secure world. Nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties, and demonstrate their potential to enhance plant growth, nutrient utilization, and stress tolerance. This review delves into the mechanistic insights of nanoparticle-plant interactions, highlighting how these tiny particles can mitigate diverse stressors such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. The action of different types of nanoparticles, including metal, carbon-based, and biogenic nanoparticles, are discussed in the context of their interaction with plant physiology and stress responses. Aims This article also explores the potential drawbacks and environmental implications of nanoparticle use, emphasizing the need for responsible and sustainable applications. Therefore, this study aimed to offer exciting possibilities for managing both biotic and abiotic stress in plant species, from improving water-use efficiency and stress resilience via nanotechnology. Conclusions Future research directions are suggested, focusing on nano-bioengineering and precision agriculture to create stress-resilient crops and enhance food security. Through the lens of interdisciplinary research, this paper underscores the significance of nanoparticles as innovative tools in the realm of agriculture, catalyzing a paradigm shift towards sustainable and stress-resilient farming systems.
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DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06581-2
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