Unpacking the drivers of maize production in Tanzania: a comprehensive meta-analysis

Abstract

This study examined the key determinants of maize production in Tanzania using meta-analysis to systematically combine and statistically analyze the results of multiple independent studies on the same topic. The findings reveal that farm size significantly influences maize output, with larger farms benefiting from economies of scale, although yield per acre depends greatly on effective land and input management. Fertilizer application emerged as a major contributor to maize productivity. Similarly, the adoption of improved maize seed varieties demonstrated a positive and significant effect on production, attributed to their higher yield potential and resistance to pests, diseases, and drought conditions. Additionally, household size was found to be an important predictor of maize production, with family labour remains critical in labour-intensive smallholder farming systems. The policy implications should focus on strengthening land tenure systems and promoting efficient land-use practices to optimize production. Improving access to affordable fertilizers, extension services, and enhancing soil-testing programmes will ensure efficient input use. Given the role of household labour, policies that promote youth engagement in agriculture are also vital. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for an integrated policy approach that enhances land, input, technology, and labour management to improve maize productivity and support national food security.