Unlocking the potential of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) by evaluating improved varieties for enhanced yield in the Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), a spice crop with significant medicinal properties, holds immense potential as a high-value export commodity. This study aimed to identify superior black cumin genotypes exhibiting desirable traits such as high yield, adaptability to local conditions and disease tolerance. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia, Dalbo and Taba, during the 2020/21 cropping season. Eight black cumin varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on various vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. Results revealed significant variability (p<0.05) among varieties for key agronomic traits, indicating a promising degree of genetic diversity within the tested germplasm. The performance of varieties was significantly influenced by location, highlighting the importance of genotype-by-environment interactions. Notably, Dalbo consistently outperformed Taba in terms of seed yield across all varieties. Genetic parameter estimates provided valuable insights into the inheritance of these traits, informing future breeding strategies. Based on overall performance, varieties Darbera, Silingo and Dershaye emerged as top performers at Dalbo, while Dershaye, Darbera and Kenna excelled at Taba. Crucially, Darbera and Dershaye demonstrated superior adaptability, consistently producing high yields and exhibiting commendable disease tolerance across both locations. These findings suggest that Darbera and Dershaye hold substantial promise for cultivation in the study area and similar agroecological zones. Further research focusing on these promising varieties could involve multi-environment trials, seed production and value chain development to fully harness their economic potential.