University burnout among nursing students in Morocco: the case of the cities of Kenitra, Rabat and Casablanca

Abstract

<ns3:p>Burnout is a growing concern among healthcare trainees, particularly nursing students who face intense academic and clinical pressures. This study investigates the prevalence and predictors of burnout among nursing students in the Rabat-Kénitra region of Morocco, aiming to identify psychological risk factors and inform preventive strategies.A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted over six months at the Higher Institutes of Nursing and Health Techniques. A total of 249 students from various health disciplines participated (mean age: 22.5 years). Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which evaluates emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Internal consistency of the instruments was confirmed (MBI: α = 0.89 for emotional exhaustion, α = 0.76 for depersonalization and personal accomplishment; PSS: α = 0.75).Findings revealed high levels of psychological distress among participants: 43% exhibited pathological emotional exhaustion; 40% showed pathological depersonalization and 44% reported high stress levels. Correlational analysis showed: positive associations between emotional exhaustion and perceived stress (r = 0.204), and depersonalization (r = 0.728); negative correlations between personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion (r = -0.473), and stress (r = -0.158). Regression models identified sleep disorders and lack of physical activity as significant predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Poor sleep was also linked to reduced personal accomplishment.Burnout and stress are prevalent among nursing students in Morocco, with sleep quality and physical activity emerging as key modifiable factors. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to promote mental well-being and resilience in nursing education.</ns3:p>