Understanding why Ghanaian informally trained artisans construct the ventilated improved pit latrine the way they do

Abstract

ABSTRACT The decisions of informally trained artisans have been identified as the most influential factor in the design and construction of household ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines in Ghana. However, the considerations made by the artisans in their design choices have not been investigated. This study adopted a qualitative approach using focus group discussions among three artisan groups in the Central, Ashanti and Northern Regions of Ghana. The study aimed to explore what informs the decisions of the artisans in the construction of the VIP latrine. The study revealed that the artisans' design and construction choices were influenced by their lack of knowledge about the technology's principle of operation and misconceptions about the causes and control of odour in the latrine. In addition, cost-cutting considerations, reinvention of the latrine to suit client demands, and a tendency to mimic the water closet toilet influenced artisans' design and construction decisions. The study's findings suggest the need to emphasise knowledge of the technology's principle of operation in artisan training programmes.