Uncommon Challenge: A Rare Diffuse Neurofibroma on the Scalp Causing Alopecia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Alopecia, characterized by the partial or complete loss of hair, can stem from various causes, including benign and malignant neoplasms. We present the case of a 52-year-old male with a diffuse neurofibroma on the scalp, presenting as an alopecic plaque, a rare manifestation. Physical examination and histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis. Diffuse neurofibromas, originating from peripheral nerve cells, typically present challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to their infiltrative nature. Although often associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, they may occur sporadically. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, particularly for symptomatic lesions. Dermoscopic findings and histology aid in the diagnosis, revealing characteristic features such as displacement of hair follicles without destruction. Our case underscores the importance of considering neurofibromas in the differential diagnosis of alopecia and highlights the need for comprehensive management strategies and further research to enhance understanding and treatment outcomes.