Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigated Diabetic Hepato-Renal Insufficiency in Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Dogs: Biochemical and Histopathological Approach

Abstract

Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic endocrine condition, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and insulin insufficiency. DM has severe irreversible pathological disorders including retinopathy, neuropathy, hepatopathy, and nephropathy. The search for alternative approaches for restoring pancreatic endocrine function is therefore of paramount clinical interest. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) were isolated and identified as one of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which have a regenerative role by enhancing resident stem cells and soluble factors that stimulate the internal repairing process. Nine mongrel dogs were randomly allocated into three equal groups, 3 dogs each: control, diabetic, and diabetic-UCB-MSCs treated group. The isolated cells displayed surface markers of MSCs cluster of differentiations (CD) CD90, CD105, and CD73. Moreover, the findings showed that UCB-MSCs transplantation in diabetic dogs induced a remarkable decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, total protein (TP), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine than the diabetic group. Additionally, UCB-MSCs administration markedly improves hepatic and renal oxidative status besides improving the histopathological changes with appearing multiple regenerative signs. Therefore, MSCs provide a promising therapeutic strategy for DM-associated disorders in dogs.