article · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
Ultrasound serves as an effective imaging method to assist diagnosis, track treatment progress, and identify complications associated with urinary bladder schistosomiasis. In an 18-year-old male presenting with painful urination, increased urinary frequency, and bloody urine lasting over a year, ultrasound revealed prominent structural changes. These findings included circumferential bladder wall thickening measuring approximately 12 millimetres, extensive wall calcification, mucosal thickening, and multiple pedunculated polyps between 10 and 12 millimetres in length. Mobile echoes indicating potential haematoma were also observed in the urine, while the kidneys and ureters showed no abnormalities. Combined with the laboratory detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the urine, these characteristic ultrasound features confirmed the diagnosis of urinary bladder schistosomiasis.
Urinary schistosomiasis remains a serious public health concern in endemic regions, often causing severe bladder pathology that can mimic malignancy. Highlighting characteristic ultrasonographic findings assists healthcare providers in recognising parasite-induced urinary lesions promptly, supporting accurate diagnosis alongside laboratory testing, and guiding appropriate clinical monitoring to prevent long-term complications.
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Schistosomiasis is a disease predominantly caused by Schistosoma haematobium particularly in endemic areas with ultrasound identified as a valuable tool in its identification. The features of urinary bladder schistosomiasis may include bladder wall thickening, polypoid lesions or masses, bladder wall calcification, reduced bladder capacity, bladder mass mimicking malignancy, hydroureter and hydronephrosis, echoes and debri with strands in urine. Urinary bladder schistosomiasis is diagnosed by detecting the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium in urine parasitologically. The use of ultrasound is for assisted diagnosis, monitoring treatment and detecting complications. This is an 18-year-old male patient who was referred from a health facility for abdominal and pelvic ultrasound on account of dysuria, increased frequency of micturition, passage bloody urine for a period of more than 1 year. The ultrasound demonstrated a urinary bladder with circumferential wall thickening of about 12mm, circumferential wall calcification, and multiple areas of mucosal thickening with multiple mucosal pedunculated polys measuring between 10-12mm in length. Multiple mobile echoes were also noted in urine most likely hematoma. The kidneys and both ureters appeared normal. The patient had a laboratory report confirming the presence of eggs of Schistosoma hematobium in urine. The presence of the clinical history, laboratory report and ultrasonographic features prompted the diagnosis of urinary bladder schistosomiasis. We present a case of urinary bladder schistosomiasis with classical ultrasonographic features in an 18-year-old male.
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DOI: 10.55677/ijcsmr/v5i10-02/2025
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