Trends and Prospects of Nano-delivered Phytopharmaceuticals for disease of Public health importance: A Review

Abstract

A significant amount of effective medicine can be found in phytochemicals thatare found in natural products or herb extracts. These natural drugs can be used in the treatment of public health diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malaria, HIV, COVID-19, gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. There are significant therapeutic limitations when phytomedicines are administered in conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms like powders,tablets, solutions, brews, and balms. These include low aqueous solubility, poor permeability, degradation, and instability. As a result, there is low production yield, poor absorption and bioavailability, poor potency and efficacy, and toxicity in the body. As a result, phytomedicines are not as effective as they could be. Polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, sterosomes, and metallic nanoparticles are novel drug delivery systems that circumvent the problems of conventional drug delivery systems. These nanocarriers can enhance phytomedicine's solubility, stability, and control, prolong the release of herbal medicine, and target specific sites within the body. As a result, herbal medicine can achieve maximum potency and efficacy with significantly fewer adverse effects. The use of phytopharmaceuticals as treatments for diseases that affect public health is extensively covered in this paper, as is the topic of nano-derived phytopharmaceuticals.