article · Current Molecular Pharmacology
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a cell-surface receptor primarily expressed on myeloid cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, where it functions as a potent amplifier of innate immune responses. Dysregulated TREM-1 activation has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, including sepsis, inflammatory arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite advances in supportive care, effective targeted therapies that modulate excessive inflammation remain limited, particularly in sepsis and neuroinflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical and emerging clinical evidence highlight TREM-1 as a promising therapeutic target and soluble TREM-1 as a potential biomarker for disease severity and prognosis. This review provides an updated overview of TREM-1 biology, its signalling pathways, and its pathogenic role in sepsis, arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on recent advances in TREM-1-targeted therapeutic strategies and their translational relevance.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.cmp.2026.03.002
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