article · Frontiers in Plant Science
Transposable elements are mobile DNA sequences that serve as indispensable components of eukaryotic genomes. By moving within the genome, they drive changes in DNA structure and gene expression, contributing directly to gene regulation, recombination, and environmental adaptation. These repetitive sequences promote gene rearrangements that produce new gene combinations, helping organisms adapt to changing surroundings. In plant biology, transposable elements function as effective tools for genetic mapping and phylogenetic analysis. Given their wide-ranging functions, they are increasingly recognised as valuable genomic assets for biotechnology. Examining their structural characteristics, evolutionary patterns, and epigenetic regulation highlights their utility in modern gene editing and as plant molecular markers.
Understanding how transposable elements function is critical because these sequences drive the genetic diversity and adaptation that allow plants to withstand shifting environmental pressures. Clarifying their roles in gene regulation and genomic architecture provides researchers with foundational insights needed to improve plant genetics and develop precise tools for tracking plant evolution.
The abstract points to applications in plant biotechnology, notably in gene editing and the development of plant molecular markers for genetic mapping. The likely users are agricultural researchers, plant breeders, and biotechnology developers seeking useful genomic tools. As this review focuses on overarching genomic mechanisms and functional potentials, the work remains at an early-stage research level rather than near-market deployment.
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Transposable elements (TEs) are indispensable components of eukaryotic genomes that play diverse roles in gene regulation, recombination, and environmental adaptation. Their ability to mobilize within the genome leads to gene expression and DNA structure changes. TEs serve as valuable markers for genetic and evolutionary studies and facilitate genetic mapping and phylogenetic analysis. They also provide insight into how organisms adapt to a changing environment by promoting gene rearrangements that lead to new gene combinations. These repetitive sequences significantly impact genome structure, function and evolution. This review takes a comprehensive look at TEs and their applications in biotechnology, particularly in the context of plant biology, where they are now considered "genomic gold" due to their extensive functionalities. The article addresses various aspects of TEs in plant development, including their structure, epigenetic regulation, evolutionary patterns, and their use in gene editing and plant molecular markers. The goal is to systematically understand TEs and shed light on their diverse roles in plant biology.
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DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1330127
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