Transformative pathways toward just and sustainable urban mobility in Kampala: A backcasting and adaptation approach

Abstract

As cities worldwide pursue sustainable mobility, achieving meaningful transitions requires not only identifying what changes are needed but also developing clear strategies for how to implement them. This qualitative study aims to design a long-term vision and strategic pathways for Kampala, Uganda, to overcome complex barriers to sustainable urban mobility. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations of traffic and public transport usage, and a review of transport-related policy documents. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts and observational data revealed that traffic congestions, driven by poor road infrastructures, increased private motorization driven by aspirations, and reliance on paratransit to provide public transport dominate Kampala’s mobility landscape. Based on these findings, the study proposes three phased pathways that integrate climate change mitigation to reduce transport emissions, climate adaptation to enhance resilience, and just transition principles to ensure equitable outcomes. Incremental implementation with monitoring mechanisms is recommended to manage urban uncertainties. By promoting low-carbon transport, resilient infrastructure, and inclusive policies, Kampala can pursue a sustainable and socially just mobility future, offering a roadmap for other rapidly urbanizing cities facing similar challenges.