review · Materials & Design
This comprehensive review examines titanium (Ti) and its alloys for orthopaedic implant applications, highlighting their advantages over other materials due to high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. It covers various titanium alloy types, including alpha, near-alpha, alpha+beta, beta, and shape memory alloys, discussing their mechanical and chemical resistance. The review also explores surface modifications to improve biofunction, wear, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties, alongside innovations in fabrication techniques. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of machine learning on titanium orthopaedic implants, noting its role in predicting alloy behaviour, optimising manufacturing, enabling real-time quality control, and advancing personalised implant development.
As demand for orthopaedic implants grows, understanding and improving materials like titanium is vital. This review synthesises knowledge on titanium's properties, modifications, and manufacturing, including the role of machine learning, to guide the development of more durable, biocompatible, and personalised implants for patients.
This review synthesises knowledge on titanium-based biomaterials, which is directly relevant to the medical device manufacturing industry. It informs the development of next-generation orthopaedic implants by detailing material properties, surface modifications, and fabrication techniques. The discussion of machine learning suggests pathways for optimising production and creating personalised implants, indicating potential for advanced manufacturing solutions and improved patient outcomes in the healthcare sector. This work supports applied research and development in the orthopaedic implant market.
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The increasing demand for orthopedic implants has driven the search for materials that combine strength, biocompatibility, and long lifetime. Compared to stainless steel and Co-Cr-based alloys, titanium (Ti) and its alloys are favored for biomedical implants because of their high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. This comprehensive review delivers a wide overview of the field of titanium-based biomaterials for orthopedic implants applications, focusing on their types, mechanical and chemical resistance, surface modifications, innovations in fabrication techniques, titanium matrix composites, and machine learning advancements. Titanium alloys of different crystalline phases, including α, near-α, (α + β), β, and shape memory alloys, offer diverse options for orthopedic applications. Strengthening properties, wear, fatigue, and corrosion resistance are crucial factors influencing the performance and reliability of titanium implants. Moreover, this review discussed the challenges to titanium-based biomaterial durability through surface modifications to enhance their biofunction, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties. Recent developments in fabrication techniques for titanium-based biomaterials are also discussed. Eventually, this review investigated how machine learning (ML) revolutionized titanium orthopedic implants by providing insights into the behavior of new alloys, aiding in manufacturing optimization, allowing for real-time quality control, and advancing the development of personalized, biocompatible, and reliable implants.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112850
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