Tissue-specific localization of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from camels in Kenya: insights into vector competence

Abstract

The tissue-specific localization of <i>R. africae</i>, found mainly in the hemolymph of <i>Am. gemma</i>, is congruent with the role of this tick species as its transmission vector. Thus, occurrence of TBPs in the hemolymph could serve as a predictor of vector competence of TBP transmission, especially in comparison to detection rates in the midgut, from which they must cross tissue barriers to effectively replicate and disseminate across tick tissues. Further studies should focus on exploring the distribution of TBPs within tick tissues to enhance knowledge of TBP epidemiology and to distinguish competent vectors from dead-end hosts.