article · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Efficient heat transmission is critical across various sectors, including chemical processing, vehicle radiators, spacecraft engineering, and solar thermal conversion. This study investigates the flow and thermal performance of a two-phase Casson-Carreau nanofluid containing motile microorganisms over stationary and moving surfaces. The model incorporates the influences of solar radiation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, heat generation, chemical reactions, and activation energy across varying fluid viscosities. The governing mathematical equations were solved using both analytical homotopy analysis and numerical Galerkin-weighted residual techniques. The results demonstrate that fluid temperature decreases with higher values of the Weissenberg number and the Casson parameter. In addition, the concentration and distribution of gyrotactic microorganisms decline when subjected to increasing bio-convective Schmidt numbers and Peclet numbers.
Understanding how non-Newtonian nanofluids and suspended microorganisms behave under different thermal conditions is essential for improving advanced cooling systems. These theoretical insights into fluid temperature and particle movement help engineers predict and refine heat transfer mechanisms across renewable energy systems, automotive cooling, and aerospace thermal design.
The abstract points to applications in chemical processing, automobile radiators, spacecraft design, and solar thermal systems. However, this work represents early-stage theoretical and mathematical modelling solved via computer software. Substantial laboratory testing and prototype validation would be required before thermal engineers or industrial developers could integrate these findings into commercial heat transfer hardware.
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Nanofluid plays a crucial role in addressing the heat transmission challenges facing the industries including chemical processing systems, automobile radiators, spacecraft design, concrete heating, solar thermal conversion systems, etc. Consequently, this research is devoted to analyzing the solar radiation mechanism, thermophoresis and Brownian motion under unique conditions, specifically, temperature gradient within liquids with limiting viscosities or plastic dynamic viscosity at zero and infinite shear rate. To increase the model novelty, a model involving two phases of Casson–Carreau fluid conveying tiny particles is developed to analyze the flow of solar radiation mechanism over stationary and moving surfaces. Furthermore, the impacts of heat generation, chemical reaction and activation energy are also taken into account. The dimensionless equations are solved through numerical methods using the Galerkin-weighted residual technique and analytically employing the Homotopy analysis method with the assistance of MATHMATIACA 11.3 software. Our study reveals that the fluid temperature reduces for greater values of Weissenberg number, and Casson parameter. Additionally, the distribution of gyrotactic microorganisms decreased against the bio-convective Schmidt number and Peclet number.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.104392
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