article · Aerospace
Experimental research investigated the thermal decomposition of an ammonium dinitramide-based liquid monopropellant. The study evaluated liquid droplets injected onto synthesised copper oxide catalytic particles supported on lanthanum oxide-doped alumina. The diagnostic setup combined dispersive inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis, and constant-temperature pyrolysis. Results revealed that the decomposition of the liquid monopropellant in the presence of these catalytic particles proceeds in two distinct steps. Real-time analysis with the mass spectrometry technique successfully detected the majority of the ejected reaction gases. Furthermore, pyrolysis conducted at a constant temperature of 280 °C verified the two-stage catalytic decomposition behaviour of the propellant.
Understanding how ammonium dinitramide monopropellants break down over catalysts is essential for designing controlled energetic systems. By identifying the two-stage reaction mechanism and measuring emitted gases in real time, the findings provide foundational kinetic details needed to improve catalytic ignition and reaction efficiency in liquid monopropellant systems.
The work represents early-stage laboratory research that could inform chemical engineers and propellant developers working on catalytic monopropellant systems. Because the findings are based on single-droplet injections and analytical laboratory instruments, the technology is at a fundamental stage and remains far from practical hardware integration or commercial use.
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The thermal decomposition of an ammonium dinitramide-based energetic compound was conducted for the first time using a dispersive inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, DTA-TG analysis, and pyrolysis at a constant temperature. A liquid droplet was injected over synthesized CuO catalytic particles deposited on lanthanum oxide-doped alumina. The thermal behavior of the ADN liquid monopropellant revealed that decomposition in the presence of catalytic particles occurs in two distinct steps, with the majority of ejected gases being detected in real-time analysis using the DIP-MS technique. At a temperature of 280 °C, pyrolysis confirmed the catalytic decomposition behavior of ADN, which occurred in two distinct steps.
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DOI: 10.3390/aerospace10100832
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