Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Bi-directional Hybrid Fault Current Limiter for HVDC System Based on Superconducting Material

Abstract

This investigation explores an innovative topology for a bi-directional ultra-fast hybrid fault current limiter (UFHFCL) tailored for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems, integrating advanced superconducting materials. Theoretical analyses are employed to clarify the design principles and operational characteristics of the proposed HFCL, emphasizing its bidirectional fault current limiting capabilities. The strategy revolves around a UFHFCL that combines the advantages of a high-frequency transformer and a superconducting fault current limiter, designed to function as an exceedingly swift short-circuit protection method, limiting fault currents to safe levels within microseconds. The proposed approach offers a range of advantages, including heightened system reliability, minimized downtime, reduced losses, increased safety for personnel and equipment, and cost savings in the protection system. Rigorous testing of the strategy is conducted through simulations and experiments. Multiple simulation studies evaluate the UFHFCL's performance in HVDC systems, analyzing its behavior across various fault scenarios, considering factors like fault current magnitude, duration, and system parameters. Comprehensive insights into performance indicators such as fault current reduction, response time, voltage drop, energy dissipation, and system stability are gained through simulations. Experimental results unequivocally validate the UFHFCL's effectiveness in curtailing fault currents and ensuring industrial system protection. A scaled prototype of the proposed HFCL is employed for experimental validations, assessing its capability to limit fault currents bidirectionally within an HVDC system. This study aims to bridge the theoretical predictions and real-world performance, offering valuable insights into the practical application of bi-directional HFCLs to enhance the reliability and safety of HVDC systems.