The Socio-Economic Impact of Brucellosis Outbreaks among Large and Small Ruminant under Extensive Nomadic Management System in Sierra Leone

Abstract

Livestock, particularly ruminants, are vital for resource-poor rural farmers in Sierra Leone, serving as a primary source of income and fulfilling socio-cultural roles. In addition to being a valuable protein source, livestock offer an opportunity to escape poverty. However, the transhumance nomadic extensive system, reliant on natural resources, poses challenges for ruminant production, including disease outbreaks like Brucellosis. A sero-prevalence study in Falaba and Koinadugu districts found a 33.3% infection rate, primarily affecting female small ruminants (90% of cases out of 135). Among the 150 confirmed cases, 66% were pregnant, and 25% experienced abortion. Implementing integrated prevention and control measures through the One Health strategy is crucial to combat the disease effectively. At present, the One Health approach is being used for the control of Brucellosis and hopefully, all stakeholders will appreciate the new dispensation in the control and prevention of many animal diseases in the country.