The role of stabilin-1 in older coronavirus disease 2019 patients and its relation to clinical outcome and prognosis of the disease

Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus strain, known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, appeared in 2019 and is considered a pandemic in the form of viral pneumonia. Patients and methods The type of study was a case control study in phase 1 and prospective study for cases only in phase 2. It was conducted on patients admitted in isolation wards and ICUs in Ain Shams University Hospitals in the period from September 2020 to September 2022 including 68 older patients (34 mild/moderate cases and 34 severe cases) due to their vulnerability to complications with prolonged hospital stay and ICU admission and 30 healthy controls. Results Our results showed that on comparison of STAB-1 level between patients and control groups, there was a highly statistically significant increase in STAB-1 level in patients than controls ( P <0.001) with higher levels in ICU group than ward group ( P <0.001). Also, there was significant positive correlation between STAB-1 level and admitted COVID-19 patients (0.520, P =0.000) and mortality rates ( r =0.677, P =0.000) among the studied patients. A logistic regression analysis was done using variables (STAB-1 level and thrombosis) that we thought it may predict the prognosis in term of mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. We found that there is a highly statistically significant correlation between stabilin-1 level and mortality; the higher the stabilin-1 level the more it will be associated with high mortality rate ( P =0.000). Conclusion We found that almost one third of our cohort complicated with venous Ttromboembolism with higher percentage among ICU patients who also show higher mortality rate. There was a highly statistically significant increase in STAB-1 level in patients than controls with higher levels in ICU group than ward group with significant positive correlation between STAB-1 level and both admitted COVID-19 patients and mortality rate among the studied patients; the higher the stabilin-1 level the more it will be associated with high mortality rate.