review · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Diabetes is a major global cause of mortality and is frequently accompanied by macrovascular complications such as stroke, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy resulting from atherosclerosis. The development of type 2 diabetes is closely tied to insulin resistance. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate key metabolic activities, including glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and insulin signalling pathways. When microRNAs become dysregulated, they drive insulin resistance in target tissues, namely the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, microRNAs influence critical disease pathways such as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac remodelling. This review outlines how altered microRNA expression contributes to tissue-specific insulin resistance, gestational diabetes, and the development of severe diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Diabetes and associated vascular complications represent severe global health challenges linked to high mortality. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind insulin resistance and cardiovascular damage helps clarify how metabolic diseases progress. Understanding the regulatory functions of microRNAs offers researchers a clearer picture of the biological pathways controlling metabolism, cellular survival, and tissue remodelling in affected patients.
This work represents early-stage foundational review research detailing molecular mechanisms and altered microRNA expression. While identifying these regulatory pathways could assist pharmaceutical and biotechnology researchers seeking future targets for diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutics for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the work remains at a conceptual stage. The abstract does not indicate an immediate clinical or commercial application pathway.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
Diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disturbance disease and has been regarded globally as one of the principal causes of mortality. Diabetes is accompanied by several macrovascular complications, including stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), and cardiomyopathy as a consequence of atherosclerosis. The onset of type 2 diabetes is closely related to insulin resistance (IR). miRNAs have been linked to various metabolic processes, including glucose homeostasis, regulation of lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, adipogenesis, glucose transporter type 4 expression, insulin sensitivity, and signaling. Consequently, miRNA dysregulation mediates IR in some target organs, comprising liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Moreover, miRNAs are crucial in developing diabetes and its associated macrovascular complications through their roles in several signaling pathways implicated in inflammation, apoptosis, cellular survival and migration, the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, autophagy, oxidative stress, cardiac remodeling, and fibrosis. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to clarify the role of miRNAs in hepatic, muscle, and adipose tissue IR and explain their roles in the pathogenesis of macrovascular diabetic complications, including stroke, CAD, and cardiomyopathy. Also, explain their roles in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Besides, this review discusses the latest updates on the alteration of miRNA expression in diabetic macrovascular complications.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123189
Is something wrong with this record? Report it or request removal.
Discussion
Have you built on this work, tried to replicate it, or seen it applied in practice? Share what you know. Verified researchers and MARATTO™ domain experts can open a discussion, and any member can reply. Contributions are reviewed before they appear.
No discussion yet. Open the first thread.
New to MARATTO™? Create a free account.
