The role of internal auditing in improving the operational performance of industrial companies

Abstract

This research, conducted through a narrative review of the literature and based on a solid conceptual framework, explores the strategic role of internal auditing in improving the operational performance of industrial organizations, highlighting its evolution from a traditional assurance function to a strategic partner in value creation and organizational excellence. The narrative synthesis integrates theoretical and empirical contributions to develop a conceptual framework identifying the mechanisms through which internal auditing contributes to organizational performance.The analysis conceptualizes operational performance as a multidimensional construct encompassing efficiency, quality, flexibility, innovation, and continuous improvement. Within this framework, internal auditing emerges as a key enabler through process optimization, risk management, and support for innovation. However, in the industrial sector, particularly in SMEs, its potential remains underutilized due to limited digital maturity, fragmented governance structures, and insufficient integration with management control systems.The analysis highlights critical success factors such as management commitment, the maturity of the control and governance frameworks, and the adoption of digital tools. Conversely, challenges remain in terms of cross-functional collaboration, cultural resistance, and the partial deployment of data-driven audit techniques.In light of these findings, the study proposes a strategic framework structured around four interdependent levers: strategic repositioning towards performance partnership, systemic alignment with risk and management control, digital enablement via analytics and AI, and cultural transformation fostering collaboration and learning. Internal audit is no longer just a control mechanism but a true catalyst for innovation, resilience, and sustainable industrial performance, opening up significant opportunities for academic research and professional practice.