The Relationship between ABO Blood Groups and Renal Failure in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between ABO blood group types, renal failure, and the severity of COVID-19 infection. Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study was Conducted on 198 Confirmed Covid-19 Patients Admitted to Icu Isolation Centers in Sudan from January 2021 to January 2022. Blood Groups Were Determined Using the Slide Method. Renal Failure was Defined as Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) Meeting Kdigo 2012 Criteria or the Need for Renal Replacement Therapy (Rrt). Statistical Analysis was Performed Using SPSS Version 20; Odds Ratios (or) With 95% Confidence Intervals (Ci) Were Calculated Via Chi-Square Test. Results: Of The 198 Patients, 29 (14.6%) Developed Renal Failure. Blood Group a was Significantly Associated with Renal Failure (Or = 2.500, 95% Ci: 1.078-5.797, P = 0.030). in Contrast, Blood Group O Showed A Protective Trend (Or = 0.419, 95% Ci: 0.180-0.973, P = 0.030). Groups Ab and B Showed No Statistically Significant Association. Conclusion: Blood Group A May Be a Risk Factor for Renal Failure in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients, While Blood Group O May Confer Protection. Further Studies are Needed to Confirm these Associations and Explore Underlying Mechanisms.