The prevalence, impact, and control measures of brucellosis in Nigeria: An analytical study

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, economic impact, and control measures of brucellosis in livestock and humans across four Nigerian states (Lagos, Kano, Oyo, and Kaduna) from 2018 to 2020. Data were collected through stratified random sampling, alongside secondary sources such as government reports and hospital records. Serological tests, including the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), were employed to detect Brucella antibodies in livestock and human samples. A total of 1200 livestock samples (400 per state) and 600 human samples (150 per state) were tested. The study revealed an increasing prevalence of brucellosis, with Kano and Kaduna exhibiting the highest incidence rates of 19 % and 16 %, respectively. Economic losses due to brucellosis were substantial, particularly in Kano, where losses amounted to $2.5 million annually; primarily from livestock value depreciation, veterinary expenses, and reduced productivity. The findings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive approach to controlling brucellosis, including enhanced surveillance, vaccination programs, and public health education. A One Health approach is crucial to control the spread of the disease and reduce both its economic and public health impacts. • The prevalence, economic impact, and control strategies for brucellosis in livestock and humans across four Nigerian states (Lagos, Kano, Oyo, and Kaduna) from 2018 to 2020. • Losses included livestock value depreciation, veterinary care, and reduced productivity. • Improve surveillance systems and invest in diagnostic infrastructure. • Vaccination programs and public health campaigns were implemented but faced challenges in coverage and consistency.