The potential role of metformin in multiple sclerosis: good or bad, and what’s the lesson

Abstract

Metformin demonstrates promising potential as an adjunct therapeutic agent in MS due to its capacity to modulate key metabolic and inflammatory pathways involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Although current evidence supports its beneficial effects, the precise mechanisms by which metformin influences MS pathophysiology remain partially elucidated. Further targeted studies are required to clarify these mechanisms and to determine its clinical relevance in neuroimmune modulation and MS management.