The New Era of Selenium Nanoparticles in Medicine

Abstract

Dietary sources provide animals and humans with selenium, a necessary trace element. Animals that are deficient in selenium are more vulnerable to oxidative stress-related harm. A significant portion of selenium is integrated into selenioproteins.Glutathione peroxidase is the selenoprotein that is most widely known. These selenoenzymes help to eliminate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, guard against the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, remove the end product of chronic oxidative stress, and prevent various cancerous changes, chronic inflammatory conditions, and cardiovascular/atherosclerotic disease.Nanoparticles help to improve targeting, decrease toxicity, increase bioavailability and bioactivity, and offer a variety of ways to control the release of the encapsulated component. In comparison to selenium, selenium nanoparticles have a higher absorption level when supplemented regularly. Therefore, it is crucial to create new methods to improve the selenium compounds' (selenoproteins, selenioenzymes) transit. Special consideration is given to SeNPs in relation to their use as medicinal agents and food additives. Because of its antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, selenium nanoparticles are used in biomedicine and pharmaceuticals. Another application for selenium nanoparticles is to counteract the harmful effects of chemicals and heavy metals.