The Neuroprotective Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Against Valproic Acid-Induced Cerebellar Abnormalities: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) can easily pass through the placental barrier, exposing the fetus to harmful effects. Exposure to VPA during pregnancy has been associated with various developmental defects, including Neural Tube Defects and neurodevelopmental disorders such as reduced cognitive function, learning difficulties, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for supporting the health and function of the nervous system. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are forms of omega-3 fatty acids. Both EPA and DHA are essential for brain functions; they improve cognitive function, and have a positive impact against neural damage and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. They are incorporated into the cell membranes of brain cells, helping to maintain proper fluidity and signaling. Omega-3 fatty acids also aid in the production of neurotransmitters, which are vital for communication between nerve cells. Additionally, they possess anti-inflammatory properties that can safeguard the brain from damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. . Conclusion: Exposure to valproic acid during pregnancy had degenerative structural effects on the offspring's cerebellar cortex. Co-administration of Omega-3 is highly recommended to mitigate the toxic effects of VPA when administered at the lowest effective dose.