The Magnitude of Low Vision and Blindness: Association with Socio-Demographic Determinants and Ocular Pathologies Amongst Adults in Enugu, South-East Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Low vision and blindness are emerging public health challenges worldwide. Nigeria, despite being the home for growing elderly population, does not have well-structured, low vision and rehabilitative services. South-East zone of Nigeria has the highest prevalence of low vision in the country. The changing demographics and epidemiologic transitions call for urgent need to generate recent data on the magnitude of low vision and blindness and advocate for establishment of Low vision and rehabilitation services. This study evaluated the magnitude of low vision and blindness, and highlights its association with socio-demographic factors in adult patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional hospital based study. A total of 400 participants were enrolled. Thorough ocular evaluation to confirm diagnosis of low vision / blindness was carried out. Data was analysed with SPSS 20.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square or Fisher exact test were performed where appropriate and a p-value of <0.5 was considered significant. Moderately Severe Visual Impairment, MSVI and Severe Visual impairment/ Legal Blindness accounted for 72.8% and 91.0% respectively amongst those that were above 41 years of age. Prevalence of Visual impairment increased with advancing age and low education was associated with VI. Conclusion: The study observed that advancing age is constantly associated with visual impairment and blindness. Glaucoma contributed significantly to impairment of vision. The study buttressed the need for development of low vision and rehabilitation services in the state. Knowing the huge economic consequences of low vision/blindness, stakeholders should be encouraged to invest in comprehensive eye care. Keywords: Low vision/Blindness, Elderly, Rehabilitation services