The impact of ambient air pollution on the respiratory health of healthcare workers at UNTH: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, symptomatology and mitigation strategies

Abstract

Background: Ambient air pollution is a growing public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare workers may be exposed despite operating in clinical environments. Sources such as generator fumes and vehicle emissions can contribute to chronic respiratory symptoms among hospital staff. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 332 healthcare workers selected through stratified random sampling. Data was obtained using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Associations between variables were tested with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: While over half of the respondents reported no symptoms, the most frequently experienced symptoms were headache, nasal congestion, and throat irritation. Symptoms were typically mild, occurred occasionally, and were often relieved when away from work. Although many respondents were aware of the health effects of air pollution, fewer adopted consistent protective practices. Generator fumes and car emissions were the most reported pollution sources. Age and work experience were significantly associated with the presence of symptoms. Conclusions: There is a moderate burden of respiratory symptoms among healthcare workers at UNTH linked to ambient air pollution, with older and more experienced workers at greater risk. While awareness is relatively high, a gap exists between knowledge and protective behavior, indicating a need for targeted interventions.