review · Kidney360
Chronic kidney disease affects roughly 850 million people globally and is projected to become the fifth leading cause of death by 2040. Populations in low- and middle-income countries carry the heaviest burden. These regions contend with low disease awareness, unique environmental and genetic risks, and restricted access to diagnostic tools, medications, and kidney replacement therapies. Inadequate health infrastructure, workforce shortages, and weak financing systems further compound these issues. Addressing the crisis requires targeted early detection, cross-disciplinary follow-up, and prioritisation within national health policies to build resilient systems. One viable pathway involves adopting the frameworks of established chronic disease programmes, such as those developed for HIV. Case studies from three continents illustrate practical approaches and outline strategies for establishing sustainable, integrated kidney care in resource-constrained environments.
Chronic kidney disease is rapidly becoming one of the world's most fatal conditions, with the greatest impact falling on resource-limited regions. Understanding how to adapt existing healthcare models to treat kidney disease enables policymakers and healthcare providers to implement life-saving interventions, improve diagnostic access, and reduce preventable mortality through structured, sustainable programmes.
The abstract does not indicate a direct commercialisation pathway or commercial product, focusing instead on policy, health system integration, and adopting established delivery models from programmes such as HIV care.
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CKD affects about 850 million people worldwide and is projected to be the fifth leading cause of death by 2040. Individuals from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the bulk of CKD. They face challenges including lack of awareness among the general population, as well as health care providers, unique risk factors such as genetic predispositions, infectious diseases, and environmental toxins, limited availability and affordability of diagnostic tests and medications, and limited access to KRTs. The inadequate health system infrastructure, human resources, and financing mechanisms to support comprehensive and integrated kidney care worsen the situation. Overcoming these challenges needs concerted efforts toward early detection, intervention, and multidisciplinary follow-up, policy, collaboration, advocacy, and financing. To achieve this, there is need for individual governments to include kidney health among the key health priorities and build capacity toward resilient health care systems. Integrating kidney care using the roadmaps of well-established management systems for other chronic diseases, such as HIV, has the potential to expedite the widespread adoption of kidney health. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current state and future prospects of kidney care in LMICs, highlighting the main challenges, ongoing efforts, and opportunities for improvement. We present case studies of exemplary efforts from three continents of the world with the highest densities of LMICs and propose potential strategies for a sustainable solution.
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DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000489
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