The efficacy of UTAUT3 in AIoT integration within library systems

Abstract

Purpose This study evaluates the applicability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 3 (UTAUT3) in understanding user adoption behaviours related to Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) in libraries. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a critical reflective approach to review and synthesize a body of recent academic literature on the use of UTAUT3 in libraries. The review included assessing UTAUT3 historical evolution, its limitations and how it could be improved. Findings The study findings indicate that, while UTAUT3 demonstrates utility in modelling core adoption factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy and personal innovativeness in IT, it lacks explanatory capacity for the ethical, legal and socio-technical complexities introduced by AIoT systems. The proposed extended model enhances the theoretical granularity of UTAUT3 by integrating constructs responsive to adaptive, autonomous, and surveillance-capable technologies in library contexts. Research limitations/implications This study is conceptual and grounded in secondary data; thus, empirical validation of the extended model remains a necessary next step. Future research should employ mixed-methods approaches to test the model across various library types and national contexts. Additionally, deeper engagement with user and librarian perspectives is required to capture evolving emotional, ethical and institutional responses to AIoT systems. Originality/value This research contributes a theoretically grounded, context-aware extension of UTAUT3 and advances the discourse on responsible AIoT integration in libraries.