The efficacy of sap obtained from Commiphora gileadensis against cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd), atoxic heavy metal, ranks among the top ten environmental threats tohuman health, adversely affecting vital organs such asthe central nervous system, kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs, and testes. The antioxidant potentials ofCommiphora gileadensis (CG) sap invitro were estimated bythe total phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radical scavenging. The reducing activities were also assessed using copper (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, CUPRAC) and ferric (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP). The protective effects ofthe CG sap against Cd-induced liver and kidney damage inmale rats were investigated invivo. Forty-two healthy adult male albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups and treated for 60days asfollows: G1 (negative control), G2 (50mg/l cadmium chloride indrinking water), G3 and G4 (100mg/kg and 400mg/kg CG sap, respectively), G5 (50mg/l cadmium chloride+ 100mg/kg CG sap), G6 (50mg/l cadmium chloride+ 400mg/kg CG sap), and G7 (1 % Tween 80, 1ml/rat asavehicle). The invitro investigation revealed the potential antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS) and reducing (CUPRAC, FRAP) activities ofthe sap obtained from Commiphora gileadensis. Additionally, the invivo experiment showed that cadmium exposure resulted in significantly increased malondialdehyde, reduced catalase and antioxidant capacities, and impaired liver and kidney functions. However, the co-administration of CG sap markedly ameliorated these adverse effects in a dose-dependent manner, improving the antioxidant capacity and restoring the hepato-renal function by improving the biochemical parameters and histological structure. It could be concluded that CG sap has the potential as a natural therapeutic agent to mitigate cadmium toxicity and its associated environmental hazards.