The effects of coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>) seeds on the growth performance, growth hormone, antibacterial capacity, and immune response of European sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>)

Abstract

Abstract Coriander seeds are among the functional herbal supplements, but their effects on aquatic animals are still lacking. Herein we evaluated the effects of coriander seeds on the growth performance, growth hormone, antibacterial capacity, and immune response of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Fish with initial mean weights of 5.08 ± 0.12 g/fish were allocated in four groups (in triplicate) and fed dietary coriander at 0, 5, 10, and 20 g/kg for 150 days. The growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate of fish-fed dietary coriander meaningfully increased (P&lt;0.05). The protein efficiency ratio gradually increased (P&lt;0.05) in fish-fed coriander seeds compared with the control. On the other hand, the feed conversion ratio was gradually decreased (P&lt;0.05) in fish-fed coriander seeds comparing with the control. The survival rate was markedly increased (P&lt;0.05) in European sea bass fed dietary coriander regardless of the inclusion level. Further, no differences were seen among fish fed varying levels of coriander (P&lt;0.05). The level of blood growth hormone was markedly higher (P&lt;0.05) in European sea bass fed dietary coriander at 20 g/kg than fish-fed 0 and 5 g/kg. The abundance of intestinal Vibrio spp. and fecal coliform were obviously lower (P&lt;0.05) in fish fed 10 and 20 g/kg than fish fed the coriander-free diet. Further, fish fed 20 g/kg had lower (P&lt;0.05) Vibrio spp. and Faecal Coliform counts than fish fed 10 g/kg. Fish fed dietary coriander had significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs) than fish fed the control. The lysozyme and phagocytic activities were meaningfully increased (P&lt;0.05) in fish fed 10 and 20 g/kg compared with fish fed 0 and 5 g/kg of dietary coriander. In conclusion, dietary coriander could be included in the diets at 10–20 g/kg to improve the growth performance, growth hormone, feed utilization, and immune response of European sea bass.