The effects of climate change on the spread of the common bean diseases

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is extensively cultivated across Africa and Latin America, particularly in regions of high and medium altitudes. It represents a major staple food crop in developing countries, owing to its substantial nutritional and agronomic value. Despite its importance, the crop is highly susceptible to both biotic and abiotic stresses, which adversely affect plant growth and overall productivity. Climate change has further exacerbated these constraints through rising temperatures, increased rainfall variability, and a higher frequency of extreme weather events. Such environmental pressures significantly compromise plant health and reduce bean yields. In the context of rapid global population growth, it is imperative to enhance bean production to ensure food security. This study presents a literature review encompassing research conducted between 2014 and 2025, with particular focus on the impact of climate variability on the prevalence and spread of bean diseases. The review also synthesizes proposed strategies for mitigating the effects of climate-related stresses. The findings underscore persistent challenges, notably the insufficiently explored influence of climate change on the dynamics of plant diseases.