review · Frontiers in Aging
Nutraceutical compounds offer potential protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases by regulating the polarisation of microglia and macrophages between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 states. In Alzheimer's disease, compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, and myricetin reduce M1 inflammatory markers and elevate M2 indicators, while substances like sulforaphane and andrographolide counter amyloid beta-induced M1 activation and cell death. For Parkinson's disease, agents including asarone, baicalein, and botanical extracts lower oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, inflammasome activation, and microglial neurotoxicity. In Huntington's disease, treatments such as elderberry, curcumin, and Schisandra chinensis counter microglial activation and relieve symptoms. Furthermore, compounds including linolenic acid, icariin, and emodin protect against microglial and macrophage activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. These findings demonstrate that targeting microglial pathways with specific nutraceuticals represents a viable therapeutic strategy across various neurodegenerative disorders.
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis involve damaging brain inflammation driven by immune cells called microglia. Finding ways to steer these cells away from destructive states towards protective functions is critical. Demonstrating that naturally derived compounds can influence these inflammatory processes highlights accessible biological mechanisms for developing new interventions against debilitating neurological conditions.
The findings highlight natural compounds and botanical extracts that could inform the formulation of neuroprotective therapeutics or specialised dietary supplements for neurodegenerative conditions. Pharmaceutical companies and nutraceutical developers are the primary target users. As the compiled evidence centres on molecular targets, cellular pathways, and experimental disease models, these nutraceutical applications remain at an early discovery and pre-clinical research stage.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6′-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and a -mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while a -cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and Boswellia serrata extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson’s disease. In Huntington’s disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, Schisandra chinensis , gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, Huperzia serrata , icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706
Is something wrong with this record? Report it or request removal.
Discussion
Have you built on this work, tried to replicate it, or seen it applied in practice? Share what you know. Verified researchers and MARATTO™ domain experts can open a discussion, and any member can reply. Contributions are reviewed before they appear.
No discussion yet. Open the first thread.
New to MARATTO™? Create a free account.
