article · Coordination Chemistry Reviews
Nickel serves as a versatile catalytic metal, operating either independently or within bimetallic complexes, to facilitate both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes across a broad range of saturated and unsaturated compounds. Developments in homogeneous nickel catalysts specifically enable the hydrogenation of chemical species containing carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen, and nitrogen-oxygen multiple bonds. Complementing this capacity, these catalytic systems also promote the dehydrogenation of substrates such as alcohols, amines, ammonia borane, and formic acid. Mechanistic investigations have clarified key active nickel intermediates that dictate overall catalytic efficiency and reaction pathways. Gaining detailed insight into these intermediate states provides essential guidance for engineering novel complexes that achieve exceptional activity and selectivity in targeted chemical transformations.
Chemical manufacturing relies heavily on catalysts to drive transformations cleanly and selectively. Nickel offers a versatile foundation for catalyst systems capable of adding or removing hydrogen across diverse chemical functional groups. Clarifying the behaviour of active nickel intermediates enables researchers to design more efficient catalysts with fine-tuned control over chemical reactions, reducing unwanted by-products.
The findings inform early-stage catalyst design for chemical synthesis and hydrogen-carrier processing, such as the dehydrogenation of formic acid or ammonia borane. Potential end users include industrial chemical manufacturers and research laboratories seeking active, selective homogeneous catalysts. Because the focus is on mechanistic insights and molecular development, the technology represents early-stage laboratory research rather than an applied, commercially validated process.
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Nickel has emerged as a versatile catalyst, individually and as part of bimetallic complexes, to hydrogenate and dehydrogenate various unsaturated and saturated compounds, respectively. In this review, the development of various homogeneous Ni catalysts for application in the hydrogenation of compound containing C-C-, C-N-, C-O- and N-O multiple bonds and dehydrogenation of alcohols, amines, ammonia borane and formic acid is discussed. Active Ni intermediates that were identified in mechanistic studies governing the activity of the complex or outcome of the reaction will be illustrated, aiding in the development of novel complexes with excellent activity and selectivity.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215716
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