THE CHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING, ANTIQUORUM SENSING AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITIES OF TAMARINDUS INDICA L. LEAVES AND STEM BARK EXTRACTS

Abstract

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical profile, the antiquorum sensing and the antibiofilm properties of Tamarindus indica leaves and stem bark methanol extracts, as well as and its potential to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. Methods : The antibiofilm activity was investigated using the crystal violet method on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The ability to impact the quorum sensing system was evaluated using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Synergistic effect was evaluated on penicillin and ampicillin based on diameters inhibition method. The phytochemical profile of leaves and stem bark methanol extracts was assessed by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. Results : The extracts at a sub bactericidal dose (100 µg/ml) exhibited similar inhibition rate of approximately 36% on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. However, the leaves extract showed higher inhibition on S. aureus biofilm formation (32.51%) than the stem bark extract (14.47%). Inhibition rates of 57.41% and 50.35% were respectively obtained for the leaves and stem bark on violacein quorum sensing dependent production. The extracts were able to restore the bactericidal effect of penicillin and ampicillin on S. aureus. Phytochemical analysis revealed the abundance of flavonoids in the leaves. Conclusion : The broad spectrum activity of Tamarindus indica targeting bacterial systems involved in resistance is a basis for the research of new antibacterial compounds. These investigations provided an additional scientific basis contributing to the establishment of scientific evidence on the use of T. indica in the management of infectious diseases.