The Ameliorative Effect of Carvacrol Against Sulfoxaflor Toxicosis in Male Albino Rats

Abstract

Sulfoxaflor (SFX) is the common fourth-generation neonicotinoid insecticide that has been found in biological and environmental samples. Carvacrol (CAR) is a prominent natural ingredient that is found in aromatic plants in substantial amounts as an essential oil. In this study, sulfoxaflor and carvacrol in rats were investigated through oral exposure and 60-days continuous exposure experiment. The study objective was to evaluate the potential toxicity of SFX in male rats and the protective effect of CAR. To attain these objectives, thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into six equal groups (5/each). Control group (received distilled water), SFX treated group (258 mg/kg/day), CAR treated groups (20 and 40 mg/kg/day), SFX+CAR treated groups (258 mg/kg SFX+ 20 or 40 mg/kg CAR) orally. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) levels, histopathological changes and caspase-3 expression in liver, kidney and brain of these rats were investigated. The results showed that SFX exposure resulted in a significant increase in MDA and significant reduction in GSH and brain AchE. Histopathological examination revealed sever lesions caused by SFX which was ameliorated by CAR in a dose dependant manner. Immuno-histochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in area (%) of brown cells expressing caspase-3 in the SFX - intoxicated rats. Finally, oral SFX administration to rats caused toxicity in hepatic, renal and cephalic tissues, while CAR at both doses ameliorated the effects against SFX-induced oxidative damage.