review · Alzheimer s & Dementia
Two-thirds of people living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and these regions are expected to experience a disproportionate increase in dementia rates. Despite this, the majority of global dementia care costs and research efforts are concentrated in high-income countries. This imbalance highlights the critical need for LMIC-focused research to accurately characterise dementia in diverse populations and develop effective, targeted, and harmonised preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs addressed these issues, identifying key opportunities to advance research, differential diagnosis, neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options, culminating in the Nairobi Declaration for global action.
Addressing dementia in low- and middle-income countries is crucial because these regions bear the largest burden of the disease and face the steepest projected increases. Current research and care are disproportionately focused elsewhere, creating a significant gap in understanding and managing dementia for the majority of affected individuals globally.
This work highlights the urgent need for the development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches tailored for low- and middle-income countries. While it does not specify particular products or services, it indicates a demand for solutions that are culturally appropriate and accessible for diverse populations, suggesting a pathway for applied research and development in these areas.
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Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Two-thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs.
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DOI: 10.1002/alz.13836
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